反应效率决定了供应链能否顺畅流转，许多人说起提高供应链的反应效率，第一时间就会想到利用自动化技术取缔人工，通过WMS（仓储管理系统）、TMS（运输管理系统）、OMS（订单管理系统）来提高企业协同，达到供应链提速增效的预想目标。
Reaction efficiency determines whether the supply chain can flow smoothly. Many people talk about improving the response efficiency of the supply chain. The first time they think of using automation technology to eliminate labor, through WMS (Warehouse Management System), TMS (Transportation Management System), OMS (Order Management System) to improve enterprise collaboration, to speed up the supply chain. The expected goal of synergy.
理论上没错，自动化技术和信息系统确实能够极大程度解决因为人工管理带来的误差、损耗还有成本问题。但在实际应用中，有许多企业砸了高额成本，配备了最先进的自动化技术，引进WMS、TMS、OMS信息系统 ，但供应链管理依旧不能尽如人意。
Theoretically, automation and information systems do solve the problems of errors, losses, and costs caused by manual management to a great extent. However, in practical application, many enterprises have spent a lot of money, equipped with the most advanced automation technology, introduced WMS, TMS, OMS information systems, but the supply chain management is still unsatisfactory.
供应链由采购、生产制造、物流运输、分销运营组合而成，每一个环节又会分有很多个小节点，由物流运输串联起来。但第三方物流只是负责货物的流通，并没有数据传输的功能，对于供应链企业来说，它能获得的数据信息仅限于上一级和下一级企业，而无法得知整条供应链的的情况，各个环节的企业又不愿意公开自己的真实物流情况。彼此孤立、各自为战，也就是我们常说的“数据孤岛”现象。
The supply chain is composed of purchasing, manufacturing, logistics transportation and distribution operation. Each link is divided into many small nodes, which are connected by logistics transportation in series. However, the third party logistics is only responsible for the flow of goods, and does not have the function of data transmission. For the supply chain enterprises, the data information it can obtain is limited to the upper and lower levels of enterprises, and can not know the situation of the whole supply chain. Isolated from each other and fighting against each other, that is what we often call "data island" phenomenon.
企业之间缺乏有效联动，加上每个企业管理、经营水平都不尽相同，容易出现各种问题，反馈、解决供应链问题的时间成本、沟通成本都太高！尤其是生鲜食品这类原材料采购繁杂、生产制造工艺多的供应链，供应链有效管理难上加难。供应链问题反馈慢、处理难，是反应效率低下的真正原因。
The lack of effective linkage between enterprises, coupled with each enterprise management, management level is not the same, prone to a variety of problems, feedback, to solve the supply chain problems of the time cost, communication costs are too high! Especially in the supply chain of raw materials such as fresh food, it is difficult to manage the supply chain effectively. The slow feedback and difficult handling of supply chain are the real reasons for inefficient response.
所以决定供应链管理反应效率并不在于信息技术的运用，而在于如何联通供应链的物流模式。
So the response efficiency of supply chain management is determined not by the use of information technology, but by how to connect the logistics model of supply chain.
如何提高供应链的反应效率
How to improve the efficiency of supply chain
综上所述，供应链反应效率大体可分为两部分，第一部分是供应链企业内部运转效率，可以通过信息系统进行有效管控；第二部分则是供应链各个节点之间的流转效率，需要依靠物流服务模式来实现。
In summary, the supply chain response efficiency can be divided into two parts. The first part is the internal operation efficiency of supply chain enterprises, which can be effectively controlled by information systems. The second part is the transfer efficiency between the nodes of the supply chain, which needs to be realized by logistics service mode.
而供应链反应效率的重点，就在于如何联通各个节点。
The key to the efficiency of supply chain reaction lies in how to link all nodes.
1. 物流模式由平台整合向运营服务转变
1. logistics mode transformation from platform integration to operation service
供应链管理其实就是产品流、信息流、资金流的综合管理，物流在供应链三流里面比较特殊，因为它既属于产品流的一部分，又包含信息流的一部分，可以说物流就是产品流和信息流的重要组成部分。
Supply chain management is actually the comprehensive management of product flow, information flow and capital flow. Logistics is special in the third flow of supply chain, because it is part of the product flow and contains a part of information flow. It can be said that logistics is an important part of product flow and information flow.
举个例子：
For instance:
假如你要网购一件商品，那么采购、生产制造、运输、销售就构成了产品流，而你下的订单信息就形成了信息流，它通过大量的数据整合，来反馈这种商品的销售情况、需求情况，甚至这个地区的市场需求，通过信息流来对商品、市场进行支配。
If you want to buy a commodity online, then purchasing, manufacturing, transportation, sales constitute a product flow, and your order information forms a flow of information, it through a large number of data integration, to feedback the sales of this commodity, demand, and even the market demand in the region, through the flow of information to merchants Products and markets dominate.
在当下的平台整合商模式，每一个环节的数据都是相对独立的，供应链数据只能通过整合的形式来进行统筹，在这个过程中会存在太多数据缺失、数据篡改的现象，导致供应链运转情况无法得到真实还原，提高供应链反应效率也就无从谈起。
In the current platform integrator model, the data of each link is relatively independent, and the supply chain data can only be integrated in the form of co-ordination. In this process, there will be too many data missing, data tampering phenomenon, resulting in the operation of the supply chain can not be truly restored, improve the efficiency of supply chain response. There is no way to talk about it.
运营服务的作用在于打通供应链数据孤岛。只有在公开透明的供应链环境下，通过数据信息共享，让供应链上的每一个企业都能够直观地看到供应链流转情况，出现问题能够第一时间找到问题所在，进行应对处理。
The role of operation services is to get rid of the isolated islands of supply chain data. Only in an open and transparent supply chain environment, through data information sharing, so that every enterprise in the supply chain can see the flow of the supply chain intuitively, problems can be found in the first time to deal with the problem.
在供应链信息共享的状态下，物流价值链条也得以重构，供应链需求由末端市场决定，并直接反馈到采购端口，省去供应链逐级反馈的成本，让供应链流转变得更加灵活。
Under the condition of information sharing in the supply chain, the logistics value chain can be reconstructed. Supply chain demand is determined by the end market and is directly fed back to the procurement port. This saves the cost of supply chain feedback step by step and makes the supply chain flow more flexible.
比如生产制造企业可以直接获取终端市场对产品的需求情况，包括地域需求量、产品种类、销售情况等，去制定生产计划。
For example, the production and manufacturing enterprises can directly obtain the end market demand for products, including regional demand, product types, sales, etc., to formulate production plans.
又或者是物流企业，通过终端销售的订单频率及销售量，来铺设全国配送网点，提高配送服务水平。
Or logistics enterprises, through the terminal sales order frequency and sales volume, to lay the national distribution network, improve the level of distribution services.
这都是运营服务模式，对于重构价值链条的体现。可以说物流的运营服务模式，并不是简单地将供应链流转效率提速，而是通过简化流程，重构价值，来实现提质增效。
This is all about the operation service mode and the reconstruction of value chain. It can be said that the logistics operation service mode is not simply to speed up the efficiency of supply chain circulation, but by simplifying the process and reconstructing the value to achieve quality and efficiency.
2. 物流模式向运营服务转型需要具备什么？
2. what is the need to transform logistics mode to operation service?
（1）需要数据载体
(1) data carriers are needed.
在目前企业供应链收集货物数据的方法主要运用RFID电子标签，通过终端扫描来读取货物信息。RFID电子标签植入的对象有很多，最常见的有外包装以及托盘。但如果以外包装来作为载体，不仅每个产品需要配备RFID电子标签成本过高，逐个进行信息扫描同样或造成人力成本的浪费，所以这种做法一般只会用到商品零售的场景（主要是可回收）。在物流环境，一般都会采用RFID+托盘的形式，以托盘为数字单元化载体，来对货物进行规范管理。
At present, the methods of collecting cargo data in enterprise supply chain mainly use RFID tags to read cargo information through terminal scanning. There are many objects for RFID tag, the most common ones are outer packaging and pallets. But if external packaging is used as a carrier, not only does each product need to be equipped with RFID tags that cost too much, but scanned information one by one can also cause a waste of labor costs, so this approach is generally used only in retail scenarios (mainly recyclable). In the logistics environment, RFID + pallets are generally used to standardize the management of goods with pallets as digital unit carriers.
运营服务商想要实现以托盘为数据载体，打通供应链数据孤岛，首先要实现的就是托盘的标准化和统一租赁化，因为只有统一标准，在交易过程中才可以避免倒箱倒板，实现“带板运输”，也只有统一租赁，才能全程完整地记录货物的流转数据。如果是两家运营商同时为一条供应链所服务，那么最终还是避免不了数据整合的现象，这也是统一租赁的意义所在，为了确保数据的准确和完整性。
Operating service providers want to achieve the tray as the data carrier, to break through the supply chain data island, the first thing to achieve is the standardization and unified leasing of pallets, because only unified standards, in the course of trading can avoid inverted boxes, to achieve "belt transport", and only a unified lease, can the whole process be fully recorded. Record the flow data of goods. If two operators are serving a supply chain at the same time, then ultimately the phenomenon of data integration can not be avoided, which is also the significance of a unified lease, in order to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data.
国家从2014年就已经开始推动标准化托盘的普及，2015年开始推动带板运输理念。国家层面真正想要实现的是混乱的托盘市场规范化，最终实现统一租赁，降低国家资源消耗，通过标准化（托盘）和信息化（GS1编码）为切入点打造智慧型物流。
The state has been promoting the popularization of standardized pallets since 2014, and the concept of belt-plate transportation has been promoted since 2015. What the country really wants to achieve is to standardize the chaotic pallet market, eventually achieve a unified lease, reduce the consumption of national resources, through standardization (pallet) and information (GS1 coding) for the entry point to create smart logistics.
（2）需要具备数据运营能力
(2) data operation capability is required.
运营服务商需要搭建数据平台，将托盘收集到的所有数据通过平台来与企业TMS、WMS相对接。企业可以通过运营服务商的平台，随时查看货物流转数据、运输情况。因为在供应链上所有数据都是公开透明的，企业可以观察到货物的来龙去脉，出现问题可以第一时间找到责任环节。
Operating service providers need to build a data platform to connect all the data collected by pallets with enterprise TMS and WMS through the platform. Enterprises can check the freight flow data and transportation situation at any time through the platform of operation service providers. Because all the data in the supply chain is open and transparent, enterprises can observe the origin and development of goods, problems can be found in the first place the responsibility link.
如运输过程中，货物所处环境有无异常、运输路线有无偏差、时效性能够保障、有无私自拆封/被掉包等。
For example, in the course of transportation, the environment in which the goods are located is abnormal, the route is deviated, the timeliness is guaranteed, and selflessly unpacked/unpacked.
还有仓储环境，货物什么时候到仓、货物数量有多少、需要储存多长时间、货物出仓后流转到那里等。
There are also warehousing environment, when the goods arrive in the warehouse, the quantity of goods, how long they need to be stored, and the goods flow there after they leave the warehouse.
这一些都需要通过运营服务商对货物数据的分析管理，实现企业与企业之间的数据联通，来提高整条供应链的反应效率。其次，企业也可以让运营服务商提供数据分析服务，通过整条供应链，乃至整个行业所有货物的流量、流向、流速，来优化企业供应链，制定日后发展计划。
All of these need to improve the response efficiency of the whole supply chain through the analysis and management of the cargo data by operation service providers to realize the data link between enterprises. Secondly, enterprises can also let operators provide data analysis services, through the entire supply chain, and even the entire industry all goods flow, flow direction, flow rate, to optimize the enterprise supply chain, formulate future development plans.
从顺丰京东大战，再到阿里建立菜鸟体系，归根结底还是在于数据的争夺，对于物流乃至整条供应链，数据终究会是决定供应链未来发展的决定因素。
From the Beijing-East War in Shunfeng to the establishment of a rookie-bird system in Ali, the final analysis is still the contest for data. For logistics and even the entire supply chain, data will ultimately determine the future development of the supply chain.
所以决定供应链管理效率的决定点并不在于信息技术应用，而在于运营模式。在如今的物流发展中，企业需要对供应链、对货物进行更有效的管理。无论是平台整合朝运营服务转型也好，将区块链技术加入到供应链也好，方式不一样，但目的都是一样的，那就是打造一个更加高效、更加透明的供应链环境。
Therefore, the key to determine the efficiency of supply chain management is not the application of information technology, but the operation mode. In today's logistics development, enterprises need to manage the supply chain and goods more effectively. Whether it is a transition from platform integration to operational services, or the integration of block chain technology into the supply chain, the way is different, but the purpose is the same, that is, to create a more efficient and transparent supply chain environment.
转自物流技术与应用
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