【财经视点】贸易战将如何伤害可持续发展？
[financial perspective] how will trade wars hurt sustainable development?
2018年7月12日，中国纺织工业联合会发表题为《期待中美贸易尽快回归正常轨道》的关于中美贸易问题的声明，声明提到：
On July 12, 2018, the China Textile Industry Federation issued a statement on Sino-US trade entitled "Looking forward to the return of Sino-US trade to normal as soon as possible." The statement mentioned:
“自2008年底中美《关于纺织品和服装的谅解备忘录》执行完毕至今，中美纺织品服装贸易全面回归自由化，并保持平稳、健康发展。中国纺织行业坚持以公平参与国际竞争和不断提升对外开放水平为发展原则，积极融入全球纺织产业分工，全面开放商品贸易与投资准入，与美国纺织制造业、商贸流通业及棉花种植业建立了稳定、高效、互利的产业链、供应链合作关系。中国纺织行业为美国消费者提供了大量高性价比的优质产品，为美国纺织业及关联产业创造了众多就业岗位。
"Since the implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding on Textiles and Clothing between China and the United States at the end of 2008, Sino-US trade in textiles and clothing has fully returned to liberalization and maintained steady and healthy development. China's textile industry adheres to the principle of fair participation in international competition and continuous improvement of the level of opening up to the outside world, actively integrates into the global division of labor in the textile industry, opens up commodity trade and investment access in an all-round way, and establishes a stable, efficient and mutually beneficial industrial chain and supply with the textile manufacturing industry, commercial circulation industry and cotton planting industry of the United States. Chain cooperation. China's textile industry has provided a large number of high-quality products with high performance-price ratio for American consumers, and created many jobs for American textile industry and related industries.
构建负责任的可持续发展模式是国际贸易与经济合作领域的共同原则。中国纺织行业始终重视社会责任建设，率先推动社会责任价值融入产业发展，在完善就业环境、助力精准扶贫、建立绿色产业体系、开展绿色贸易、顺应全球化发展趋势、尊重和遵从国际经贸规则等方面取得了重要成就，得到了世界银行、联合国等国际机构的认可，美国贸易代表办公室曾评价《CSC9000T中国纺织服装企业社会责任管理体系》是引导企业遵循法律法规的最佳实践。
Constructing a responsible sustainable development mode is a common principle in the field of international trade and economic cooperation. China's textile industry has always attached great importance to the construction of social responsibility and taken the lead in promoting the integration of the value of social responsibility into industrial development. It has made important achievements in perfecting the employment environment, helping poverty alleviation, establishing a green industrial system, developing green trade, following the trend of globalization, respecting and abiding by international economic and trade rules, etc. With the approval of the World Bank, the United Nations and other international organizations, the Office of the United States Trade Representative has evaluated the CSC9000T China Textile and Garment Enterprise Social Responsibility Management System as the best practice to guide enterprises to comply with laws and regulations.
当前，中美贸易摩擦升级，纺织全行业愿以国家利益为根本立场，进一步深化转型升级，大力加强责任发展，化解美方不合理加税行为带来的负面影响。纺织行业也一致期待中美贸易问题能够得到妥善处理，尽快回归正常轨道。”
At present, Sino-US trade frictions have escalated, and the textile industry is willing to take national interests as the fundamental position, further deepen the transformation and upgrading, vigorously strengthen the development of responsibility, and resolve the negative impact of unreasonable tax increases by the United States. The textile industry also unanimously expects the Sino-US trade issue to be properly handled and returned to normal as soon as possible.
这份声明提到了中国纺织服装企行业从负责任、可持续发展角度推进国际贸易与经济合作的努力，清晰地展现了自由、开放的贸易与公平和可持续的全球发展之间的因果关系，同时也表达了贸易争端危及全球可持续发展事业的担忧。
The statement refers to the efforts of China's textile and garment enterprises to promote international trade and economic cooperation from the perspective of responsible and sustainable development. It clearly demonstrates the causal relationship between free and open trade and fair and sustainable global development. It also expresses that trade disputes endanger the cause of global sustainable development. Worry.
的确，贸易战会从很多方面伤害负责任的企业行为与可持续发展。
Indeed, trade wars will hurt responsible corporate behavior and sustainable development in many ways.
首先，自由和开放的贸易是公平贸易和公平的全球化的前提，贸易战将可能使这一前提不复存在。全球性的企业社会责任运动，肇始于美国服装业跨国公司在全球范围内自由配置资源的同时解决其亚洲供应商层面劳工挑战的压力和需求，同时在客观上也有助于缔造一个对所有供应链参与者更加公平的贸易环境和负责任、可持续的全球化。在过去将近三十年里，美国跨国公司面临的这种压力和需求一直都是促使全球贸易更加公平、包容和可持续的最主要驱动力之一。中国纺织服装行业的社会责任建设正是回应这种压力和需求的结果。
First, free and open trade is a prerequisite for fair trade and fair globalization, and trade wars are likely to make that premise disappear. The global CSR movement began with the free allocation of resources by US garment multinationals worldwide while addressing the pressures and demands of their Asian supplier-level labor challenges. It also objectively contributed to creating a more equitable trading environment and accountability for all supply chain participants. Sustained globalization. Over the past three decades, the pressures and demands faced by American multinational corporations have been one of the main drivers of a more equitable, inclusive and sustainable global trade. The social responsibility construction of China's textile and garment industry is responding to the pressure and demand.
2007年，世界经济合作组织中国投资专家KenDavies在实地参访了正在执行CSC9000T（中国纺织服装企业社会责任管理体系）的四家供应美欧品牌的广东供应商企业后曾指出：“就这些工厂所展现出的在负责任企业行为领域的高标准而言，它们可以是中国其他企业所效仿的榜样”。实际上，贸易战将首先使美国及其跨国公司失去对全球范围内的供应商等合作伙伴的影响力，从而减缓甚至逆转负责任、可持续全球供应链的构建。
In 2007, Ken Davies, a Chinese investment expert from the World Economic Cooperation Organization, visited four Cantonese suppliers that are implementing the CSC9000T (China Textile and Garment Enterprise Social Responsibility Management System) to supply American and European brands and said, "On the basis of the high standards that these factories exhibit in the field of responsible enterprise behavior, It can be an example that other Chinese enterprises follow. " In fact, trade wars will first deprive the United States and its multinational corporations of their influence on partners such as suppliers worldwide, thereby slowing down or even reversing the construction of responsible, sustainable global supply chains.
其次，自由贸易是保持市场对可持续发展的信心的基石，贸易战将严重挫伤互信基础。自由和开放的贸易是各方致力于构建公平、可持续的全球化的心理基础和机制保障。全球供应链的可持续发展是各方追求的长期市场价值，它会促使各方在自由贸易的信心基础之上，不断提高维护全球供应链可持续性的能力，从而构建实现共同的市场和社会价值的互信。2007年，当中国纺织服装行业的社会责任工作以CSC9000T的实施为依托迈入实质行动层面，美国贸易代表办公室在其《国家贸易评估报告》中就指出，“CSC9000T是培训企业的能力建设项目，是引导会员企业遵循中国法律法规的最佳实践”。如果自由贸易环境受到损害，各方致力于构建长期、可持续全球供应链的心理基础将受到巨大挑战，从而导致各方更加关注短期经济目标，使可持续发展成为奢侈观念和空虚的道德说辞，而这将可能使全球供应链成为越来越惨烈的经济利益战区。
Second, free trade is the cornerstone of market confidence in sustainable development, and trade wars will seriously undermine the basis of mutual trust. Free and open trade is the psychological basis and institutional guarantee for all parties to strive for a fair and sustainable globalization. Sustainable development of global supply chain is the long-term market value pursued by all parties. It will encourage all parties to improve their ability to maintain the sustainability of global supply chain on the basis of confidence in free trade, thus building mutual trust to realize common market and social values. In 2007, when China's textile and garment industry's social responsibility work to CSC9000T implementation as a basis for substantive action level, the U.S. Trade Representative Office in its "National Trade Assessment Report" pointed out, "CSC9000T is a training enterprise capacity-building projects, is to guide member enterprises to comply with Chinese laws and regulations the best reality. Practice ". If the free trade environment is compromised, the psychological underpinnings of efforts to build a long-term, sustainable global supply chain will be greatly challenged, leading to greater attention to short-term economic goals, making sustainable development a luxury and empty moral rhetoric that could make global supply chains worse and worse. Strong economic interests.
再者，自由和开放的贸易还是确保各方合作以纠正市场内在负面影响的根本途径，贸易战将切断促使市场向善的合作努力。联合国秘书长古特雷斯最近指出，“包容性的可持续发展本身就是一个目标，也是预防各种风险的最佳方式”。自由贸易并非全能全益的，因此需要自由贸易的所有参与者保持合作，以发现和纠正市场本身对社会、环境的负面影响和风险，在最大限度内确保贸易和市场向善，“不使一个人掉队”（《联合国2030可持续发展议程》）。负责任、包容、可持续的全球供应链合作无疑是实现这一价值的最佳途径。
Furthermore, free and open trade is the fundamental way to ensure that all parties cooperate to correct the inherent negative effects of the market, and trade wars will cut off the cooperative efforts to promote the good of the market. United Nations Secretary-General Guterres recently pointed out that "inclusive sustainable development is a goal in itself and the best way to prevent risks". Free trade is not omnipotent and therefore requires the cooperation of all participants in free trade in order to identify and correct the negative impacts of the market itself on society and the environment.
以中国纺织服装行业的社会责任工作为例，面对各类社会责任标准、倡议之间的冲突与重复对供应链各方产生的挑战和困难，中国纺织工业联合会联合包括美国的SA8000、WRAP等标准在内的八个活跃于纺织服装供应链的标准和倡议，合作成立了“社会责任标准合作多利益相关方顾问委员会”，共同探讨和强化标准群体的一致性与互通性。而贸易战将严重模糊全球市场各方对市场走向的共同预期，增加预防和应对风险的难度，进而限制各方构建可持续全球贸易的合作。
Taking the work of social responsibility in China's textile and garment industry as an example, in the face of the challenges and difficulties posed by various social responsibility standards, conflicts and duplication of initiatives, the China Textile Industry Federation has joined together eight standards and initiatives active in the textile and garment supply chain, including American SA8000 and WRAP standards. A multi-stakeholder Advisory Committee on social responsibility standards cooperation was set up to explore and strengthen the consistency and interoperability of the standards groups. The trade war will seriously blur the common expectations of the global market, increase the difficulty of preventing and dealing with risks, and thus limit the cooperation of all parties in building sustainable global trade.
不过，虽然贸易战会从多个方面损害负责任的全球供应链和可持续发展，但我们也必须认识到，负责任的全球供应链和可持续发展是不可放弃的止战致和的良方，因为战争虽会伤害和平，但也会使得和平及迈向和平的努力显得愈加珍贵。也许，反思全球社会责
However, while trade wars undermine responsible global supply chains and sustainable development in many ways, we must also recognize that responsible global supply chains and sustainable development are the best remedies for peace, which, while harming peace, can also make peace and efforts towards peace appear. More precious. Perhaps, reflecting global social responsibility.
任业界对利益相关方的实际影响，以及考验各类可持续发展机制和机构的时刻也因此到来了。
The practical impact of the industry on stakeholders and the time to test the various mechanisms and institutions for sustainable development have thus come.
转自现代物流报
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