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济南到柳州物流:中美贸易战木材价格上涨,物流托盘首当

发布者:利贞物流 发布日期:2018-08-21
中美贸易战木材价格上涨,物流托盘首当其冲
Sino US trade war timber prices rise, logistics pallets bear the brunt
 
在8月初,美国宣布将对2000亿美元中国产品的征税税率由10%提高至25%。随后中方迅速做出回应,对原产于美国的5207个税目约600亿美元商品,加征25%-5%不等的关税,其中就包括了原产于美国的原木及木制品。
In early August, the United States announced that it would raise the tax rate of $200 billion on Chinese products from 10% to 25%. Subsequently, China quickly responded by imposing tariffs ranging from 25% to 5% on about $60 billion of 5207 items of goods originating in the United States, including logs and wood products originating in the United States.
 
众所周知,近年来为了保护森林资源,维持生态平衡,国内许多林区逐渐被禁止商业性砍伐,木材的进口需求大幅提升。
As we all know, in recent years, in order to protect forest resources and maintain ecological balance, many domestic forest areas are gradually prohibited from commercial logging, and the import demand of timber has increased significantly.

如今对美国进口木材的加征关税,国内木材价格势必上涨!
Today, tariffs on timber imported from the United States will rise.
 
其实不单单是美国的因素,随着世界各国环保意识的加强,对于原木出口的政策也是越来越严格,好比如乌克兰明年开始限制原木贸易暂停木材出口,越南木材市场关税上涨25%等等,木材上涨这其实是大势所趋。
Actually, it is not only the United States, but also the policy of log export is becoming more and more stringent with the enhancement of environmental protection consciousness in the world. For example, Ukraine will start to restrict log trade to suspend timber export next year, and Vietnam's timber market tariff will rise by 25%. This is the trend of the times.

 
木材价格上涨,物流托盘首当其冲
Timber prices rise, logistics pallets bear the brunt.
 
对于物流托盘来说,使用最多的就是木质托盘。据统计,截止2017年年底,国内托盘存量已经超过了12.63亿片,其中木托盘占比达到了73%,排第二的塑料托盘占比仅有19%,国内托盘市场对于木材的需求十分庞大。
For logistics pallets, wooden pallets are the most used ones. According to statistics, by the end of 2017, the domestic pallet stock has exceeded 1.263 billion pieces, of which wood pallets accounted for 73%, plastics pallets accounted for only 19%, the domestic pallet Market for wood demand is very large.

 
加之木托盘寿命一般都在1年左右,每年生产率占比高达78%,当木材价格上涨,不但木托盘成本会随之上涨,企业物流成本也在成倍数变相增加。
In addition, the life of wooden pallets is generally about one year, annual productivity accounted for as high as 78%, when the price of wood rises, not only the cost of wooden pallets will rise, but also the logistics cost of enterprises will increase exponentially.
 
为什么木托盘占比如此之高?
Why is wooden pallet occupied so high?
 
木托盘优势是显而易见的,那就是成本相对其他材质,较为低廉!
The advantage of wooden pallets is obvious, that is, the cost is lower than other materials.
 
按照市场价格,木托盘价格在150元左右,而塑料托盘一般都在250元以上,塑料要比木材更贵。加之目前绝大多数物流业、制造业没有办法地对托盘进行有效管理,导致托盘丢失率极高,一旦出了仓库,除非安排专门的物流人员跟车盘点,否则根本无从管理和追踪。
According to market prices, wooden pallets are around 150 yuan, while plastic pallets are generally more than 250 yuan, plastic is more expensive than wood. In addition, most of the current logistics industry, manufacturing industry can not effectively manage the pallet, resulting in a very high rate of pallet loss, once out of the warehouse, unless the arrangement of special logistics personnel and inventory, otherwise there is no way to manage and track.
 
托盘得不到有效管理,一次性使用情况太多,尤其是异地运输,在高昂的物流成本面前,企业也只能选择丢弃托盘,种种的原因制约下,很多企业更愿意使用造价更为便宜的木托盘。
Pallets can not be effectively managed, too many disposable situations, especially in the face of high logistics costs, enterprises can only choose to discard pallets, for various reasons, many enterprises are more willing to use cheaper wooden pallets.
 
从根本原因上看,木托盘使用率远高于塑料托盘,并非因为质量更好、适用场景更广,而是在物流管理水平不足的情况下,企业只能选择物流成本更低的木质托盘!
Fundamentally, wooden pallets are much more efficient than plastic pallets, not because of better quality, more applicable scenes, but because of the lack of logistics management level, enterprises can only choose wooden pallets with lower logistics costs!
 
然而,这个现象随着木材价格上涨,即将被打破。
However, this phenomenon is about to be broken as timber prices rise.
 
托盘的使用成本太高,企业该如何应对?
How to cope with the high cost of pallets?
 
上面说到木托盘使用率如此之高,关键原因在于成本。那么物流企业如何解决这个问题呢?
It says that the utilization rate of wooden pallets is so high that the key reason is the cost. How do logistics enterprises solve this problem?
 
1.选用其他材质的托盘
1. choose pallets with other materials.
 
随着国内环境保护意识的增强,对于托盘循环利用的理念迅速普及,国内塑料托盘占比出现了逐年递增,其中使用率最多的属聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)为主,还有其他新型复合材料等。截至2017年年底,塑料托盘占比已经超过了19%,而且还在逐年上升。
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection in China, the concept of recycling pallets has been popularized rapidly, and the proportion of plastic pallets in China has increased year by year. Among them, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) are the most frequently used, and other new composite materials. By the end of 2017, the proportion of plastic pallets has exceeded 19%, and it is increasing year by year.
 
尽管在前期投入,塑料托盘仍然要比当前的木质托盘成本高昂,但从年均摊销来算,木托盘使用寿命平均在一年左右,而塑料托盘的寿命在3-5年,年均成本比木质托盘更低。加上塑料托盘可以广泛应用到生鲜冷链、医药、食品等众多行业,性价比要比木质托盘更高。
Although plastic pallets are still more expensive than current wooden pallets in the early stages of investment, the average life of wooden pallets is about one year in terms of annual amortization, whereas plastic pallets last about three to five years and the average annual cost is lower than wooden pallets. Plus plastic pallets can be widely used in fresh cold chain, medicine, food and many other industries, cost-effective than wood pallets higher.
 
目前国内许多大型制造业、物流业使用的都是塑料托盘,通过购买或者租赁的方式,来满足企业生产、流转的需求。这些企业也在探索如何进行托盘管理,来实现存量托盘的循环利用,进一步降低物流成本。
At present, many large-scale manufacturing and logistics industries in China use plastic pallets to meet the production and circulation needs of enterprises by means of purchase or lease. These enterprises are also exploring how to carry out pallet management to achieve the recycling of inventory pallets and further reduce logistics costs.
 
2.实现带板运输
2. realize belt transportation
 
带板运输,其实就是托盘循环共用的重要体现。目前国内托盘存量过剩最主要的原因,就是因为托盘规格、材质的不统一,企业与企业之间无法实现带板运输,每个企业除了需要储备仓库托盘以外,还需要额外准备周转、装卸的物流托盘。
Belt transport is an important manifestation of the sharing of pallets. At present, the main reason for excess domestic pallet stock is that the pallet specifications and materials are not uniform, enterprises and enterprises can not achieve belt transportation, each enterprise in addition to the need to reserve warehouse pallets, but also need to prepare additional turnover, loading and unloading of logistics pallets.
 
举个例子:
For instance:
 
A企业交货给B企业,需要准备1万个物流托盘进行装卸,那么A、B企业各自都需要准备1万个托盘,才能满足交易需求。如果在带板运输的状态下,那么就不需要双方都准备托盘来交易,只需要托盘+货物一起交接,不但提高了交易效率,还不需要额外的托盘成本。
Enterprise A to B delivery, need to prepare 10,000 logistics pallets for loading and unloading, then A, B enterprises need to prepare 10,000 pallets to meet the transaction needs. If in the condition of belt conveyor, then both sides do not need to prepare pallets to trade, just need pallets + goods to hand over together, not only improves the transaction efficiency, but also does not require additional pallet costs.
 
带板运输的作用就是通过降低货物重复装卸、盘点,防止倒箱倒板,来提高供应链上鞋企业协同管理,同时降低供应链对托盘需求,降低物流成本。
The role of strip transportation is to improve the collaborative management of shoe enterprises in the supply chain by reducing the repeated loading and unloading of goods, inventory, and preventing the reversal of boxes.
 
但要实现带板运输,首先要解决的就是托盘标准化和租赁化,只有供应链企业统一使用标准托盘,统一租赁,才能更好地实现带板运输。
But in order to realize the strip transportation, the first thing to be solved is the standardization and leasing of pallets. Only when the supply chain enterprises use the standard pallets and lease them, can the strip transportation be better realized.
 
目前在托盘标准化的道路上,随着国家政策鼓励与扶持,托盘市场标准化占比也在逐年上升,截至到2017年年底,标准化占比已经达到了28%。
At present, on the road of pallet standardization, with the encouragement and support of national policies, the proportion of pallet market standardization is also rising year by year. By the end of 2017, the proportion of standardization has reached 28%.
 
标准化是阻碍带板运输、循环共用最关键的一环,但国内存量托盘过剩,想要在短时间内全部替换不太现实,只能循环渐进。
Standardization is one of the most important factors that hinder strip transportation and recycling. However, domestic stocks of pallets are excessive. It is unrealistic to replace all pallets in a short period of time, so we can only recycle gradually.


转自物流技术与应用

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